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Chất không tan là Ag.
=> mAg= 6,25(g)
nH2=0,25(mol)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
-> nZn=nH2= 0,25(mol)
=>mZn= 0,25 . 65=16,25(g)
=> \(\%mAg=\dfrac{6,25}{6,25+16,25}.100\approx27,778\%\\ \Rightarrow\%mZn\approx72,222\%\)
Bài 1:
nH2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ----> ZnSO4 + H2\(\uparrow\)
______0,1 mol<----------------------0,1 mol
Cu không tác dụng với H2SO4
mZn = 0,1 .65 = 6,5 (g)
mCu = 10 - 6,5 = 3,5 (g)
%Zn = \(\dfrac{6,5}{10}\) . 100% = 65%
%Cu = 100 - 65 = 35%
Bài 2:
nH2 = \(\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\) = 0,25 (mol)
Sau pứ thấy còn 6,25g chất rắn không tan là Ag
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ----> ZnSO4 + H2\(\uparrow\)
0,25 mol<------------------0,25 mol
mZn = 0,25 . 65 = 16,25(g)
mhh = 6,25 + 16,25 = 22,5 (g)
%Ag = \(\dfrac{6,25}{22,5}\) . 100% = 27,78%
%Zn = 100 - 27,78 = 72,22%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ag}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+108y=4,2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,05 0,15
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Ag}=4,2-2,7=1,5g\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{4,2}\cdot100\%=64,28\%\)
\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-64,28\%=35,72\%\)
b)\(m_{muối}=0,05\cdot342=17,1g\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10}.100=65\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-65\%=35\%\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ ChấtrắnkhôngtanlàCu\\ Cu+Cl_2\text{ }\rightarrow CuCl_2\\ n_{Cu}=n_{Cl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{8,4+12,8}.100=39,62\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-39,62=60,38\%\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Khi cho hỗn hợp 2 kim loại: \(Ag;Zn\) tác dụng với \(H_2SO_4\)
thì \(Ag\) không phản ứng.
\(\Rightarrow m_{Ag}=6,25\left(g\right)\)
\(pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
Theo \(pthh\left(1\right):n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot65=16,25\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{h^2}=16,25+6,25=22,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Ag=\dfrac{16,5\cdot100}{22,5}=27,78\%\\ \%Zn=\dfrac{6,25\cdot100}{22,5}=72,22\%\)