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Bài 2:
\(m_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%}=1(kg)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HF}=\dfrac{1}{20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\)
Bài 3:
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56x+27y=11\\ x+1,5y=0,4 \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases} \)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}=0,2+0,6=0,7(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{2}=0,35(l)\)
Câu 5:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{1120}{22,4}=50(mol)\\ PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\to 2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=20(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=20.158=3160(g)\)
Câu 6:
Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=10,2(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3y+2x=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
a) \(BaCl_2+LiOH\rightarrow\text{không phản ứng}\)
b) \(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[CaO]{t^\circ}Na_2CO_3+CH_4\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(CH_3COO^-+OH^-\xrightarrow[CaO]{t^\circ}CO_3^{2-}+CH_4\uparrow\)
c) \(CaCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(CaCO_3+2H^+\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
d) \(3Cu+8HCl+8NaNO_3\rightarrow3Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+8HCl+2NO\uparrow+4H_2O\)
Ion RG: \(3Cu+8H^++2NO_3^-\rightarrow3Cu^{2+}+2NO\uparrow+4H_2O\)
e) \(NH_4Cl+NaNO_2\xrightarrow[]{t^\circ}NaCl+N_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
Ion RG: \(NH_4^++NO_2^-\rightarrow N_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
f) \(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+Cl_2\uparrow+H_2\uparrow\)
Ion RG: \(2Cl^-+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2OH^-+Cl_2\uparrow+H_2\uparrow\)
Câu1.a)
1/Chất khử: NH3
Chất oxh : N2
2/Chất khử: Fe
Chất oxh : HNO3
b) 1/ \(QToxh:2N^{-3}\rightarrow\overset{0}{N_2}+6e|\times2\\ QTkhử:\overset{0}{O_2}+4e\rightarrow2O^{2-}|\times3\\ \Rightarrow4NH_3+3O_2\rightarrow2N_2+6H_2O\)
2/ \(QToxh:\overset{0}{Fe}\rightarrow Fe^{+3}+3e|\times1\\ QTkhử:N^{+5}+1e\rightarrow N^{+4}|\times3\\ \Rightarrow Fe+6HNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3NO_2+3H_2O\)
Câu 3. \(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2\\ n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,6\left(mol\right)\\56x+24y=20,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,4.95=38\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
NH4NO3 ⟶ 2H2O + N2O
Điều kiện: Nhiệt độ: 190 - 245°C
2NH4NO3 ⟶ 4H2O + 2N2 + O2
Điều kiện: Nhiệt độ: > 300
Câu 2:
Gọi hóa trị của M là x(x>0)
\(n_{M}=\dfrac{19,5}{M_M}(mol)\\ n_{MCl_x}=\dfrac{40,8}{M_M+35,5x}(mol)\\ PTHH:2M+2xHCl\to 2MCl_x+xH_2\\ \Rightarrow n_M=n_{MCl_x}\\ \Rightarrow \dfrac{19,5}{M_M}=\dfrac{40,8}{M_M+35,5x}\\ \Rightarrow 19,5M_M+692,25x=40,8M_M\\ \Rightarrow 21,3M_M=692,25x\\ \Rightarrow M_M=32,5x\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow M_M=65(g/mol)\)
Vậy M là kẽm(Zn)
Câu 3:
Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Al}=x(mol)\\ n_{Mg}=y(mol \end{cases} \)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 27x+24y=6,3\\ 1,5x+y=0,3 \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,15(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6(g) \end{cases} \)