Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting. Mismanaged lighting affects the environment, energy resources, wildlife, humans and astronomy research.

Light pollution is not a new phenomenon. Over the last 50 years, as countries became affluent and urbanized, demand for outdoor lighting increased and light pollution sprawled beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas. This form pollution is now prevalent in Asia, Europe, and North America, particularly in cities like Los Angeles, New York and Washington D.C. In 2008, National Geographic magazine named Chicago the most light-polluted city in the United States.

However, the most light-polluted spot in the world is Hong Kong, China. In March 2013, the University of Hong Kong named the city the most light polluted in the world. A study by the university found the night sky in TsimShaTsui, an urban neighborhood in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong, to be 1,200 times brighter than a normal urban city sky. Luminous pollution of this magnitude is on the rise worldwide. In a 2010 article from the Ecology and Society Journal, Hölker and others stated the use of artificial lighting increases by 20% each year, depending on the region, and noted there is an urgent need for light pollution policies that surpass energy efficiency to include humans, animals and the environment.

1: Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting.A. True        B. False

2: Light pollution sprawled beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas.”.

A. True        B. False

3:Chicago is the most light-polluted city in the world.  A. True        B. False

4: A city in Hong Kong is more than two hundred times brighter than a normal one.

A. True        B. False

5: Luminous pollution of this magnitude is on the rise worldwide.A. True        B. False

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.

1. A. flopped               B. crashed                   C. parked                    D. pedalled

2. A. disease                B. clean                       C. nuclear                    D. mean

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

3. A. available             B. renewable               C. abundant                 D. plentiful

4. A. pumpkin             B. parade                     C. harvest                    D. music

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that has the CLOSEST meaning to the underlined word.

5. Many people took part in Loykrathong Festival in Thailand last year.

A. attended                 B. joined                      C. visited                    D. went to

6. Captain America: Civil War is so amazing. We couldn’t take our eyes off the screen.

A. couldn’t stop watching                               B. couldn’t go to sleep                                   

C. couldn’t see the screen clearly                    D. couldn’t close the eyes

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

7. – Shall we go to the cinema tonight?  - _________________.

A. That’s a good idea                                      B. Yes, we shall

C. You are welcome                                        D. That’s a question

8. - What a beautiful monowheel! - ____________________.

A. I don’t mind if you say so                          B. You’re welcome

C. I’m glad to tell you so                                D. I bought it in America

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

9. I got really ________ when I saw the main character being killed.

A. frightening             B. interested                 C. amusing                 D. frightened

10. My house is not far from my school, so I usually go ________.

A. on foot                   B. by car                      C. by boat                   D. by foot

11. My brother used to ________ a lot when he was young.

A. swims                    B. swimming                C. swam                      D. swim

12. ________ we lost the game, we were happy that we played well.

A. Nevertheless          B. If                             C. Although                D. Because

13. ________ cars emit low emissions and make the environment safer.

A. High speed             B. Supersonic               C. Eco-friendly           D. Automated

14. My friend didn’t have his mobile, so I lent him ________.

A. her                         B. mine                        C. their                        D. his

15. It’s really difficult to ________ a bicycle up the hill.

A. pedal                      B. fly                            C. sail                         D. drive

16. At 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon, he ________ the Meeting on Climate change.

A. will be attended                                          B. will attend

C. will be attending                                         D. attended

[DIV][FIX]Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

There are more (17) ________ today, so people can travel to a lot of places. We can have chances (18) ________ visit famous tourist attractions or to go to schools or offices. However, there will be more danger on the road. Some drivers drink beer or alcohol, so they may cause accidents easily. In big cities, there is also (19) ________ pollution because of the smoke from transports. Therefore, people living there may have lung problems. Moreover, the traffic jam can cause people to feel annoyed. If we want to prevent these problems, we should use (20) ________ such as bus.

17. A. lines                        B. traffic                    C. ways                       D. roads

18. A. with                        B. in                          C. to                            D. of

19. A. water                      B. airy                       C. noise                      D. air

20. A. public transport      B. cars                       C. motorbikes             D. private

[DIV][FIX]Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Different cultures have different ways of celebrating the new year. Most of these customs are observed to bring good luck.

On New Year’s Eve in Mexico, people wait for the clocks to strike midnight. At the first sound of the bells, people begin to eat grapes. They must eat 12 grapes before the bells ring 12 times.

In the South of the USA, people eat black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day. Some people think you have to eat 365 peas to have good luck every day of the new year.

In Greece, people throw old things such as plates, glasses, and even furniture out of the window on New Year’s Day.

21. What do they do on New Year’s Day in Mexico?

A. They wait for the clocks to strike midnight.

B. They eat grapes.

C. They try to eat 12 grapes before the bells ring 12 times.

D. no information.

22. What does the word “they” in line 4 refer to?

A. The Greek                                             B. The Mexico

C. The Vietnamese                                    D. The American

23. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Different cultures have the same way of celebrate the new year.

B. On New Year’s Eve, the Mexican begin to eat grapes at 12 p.m.

C. People believe that the customs will bring good luck.

D. In the South of the United States, people try to eat 365 black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day.

[DIV]Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

24. People in mountain areas have to gather wood to use as fuel.

A. have to                    B. mountain                 C. to use                                    D. as

25. How far does it take you from your school to Hoan Kiem lake?

A. How far                   B. to                             C. you                                    D. take

26. We will have to cancel the show. We are trying to sell more tickets.

A.   Unless we sell more tickets, we won’t have to cancel the show.

B.   Unless we sell more tickets, we will have to cancel the show.

C.   Unless we don’t sell more tickets, we will have to cancel the show.

D.   Unless we sells more tickets, we will have to cancel the show.

27. They travel much. They know about the world good.

A.   The more they travel, the gooder they know about the world.

B.   The more they travel, the better they know about the world.

C.   The much they travel, the better they know about the world.

D.   The more they travel, the more good they know about the world.

29. Tam is not good at English, I am not good at English.

A. Either Tam or I am good at English.

B. Neither Tam nor I are good at English.

C. Neither Tam nor I am good at English.

D. Either Tam or I are good at English.

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Read the situation and write sentences with It's time + clause (somebody did something).

1. You think the children should be in bed. It’s already 11 o’clock.

___________________________________________________________________________________

2. You haven’t had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. You’re waiting for Mary. She is late. Why isn’t she here yet?

___________________________________________________________________________________

4. You’re sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. It’s already five minutes late.

___________________________________________________________________________________

5. You enjoy having parties. You haven’t had one for a long time.

___________________________________________________________________________________

6. The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some changes.

___________________________________________________________________________________

7. It’s 10 o’clock and Tim is still in bed. You think he should get up now.

___________________________________________________________________________________

8. You want your parents to stop treating Tommy like a child. He’s 18 years old.

___________________________________________________________________________________

9. You and your friends enjoy the picnic. But it’s too late. You must go home immediately.

___________________________________________________________________________________

10. The windows are very dirty. You think they should be cleaned now.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Change the words in bold type so that the sentences make sense. Each of the words is an ANAGRAM of the correct word.

50.  Your knowledge of computer spreadsheets will be a big seats ……………………… in this job.

51.  They design ……………………… the contract, so it’s a bit late to change their minds now.

52.  The trouble is that you often laid ……………………… the wrong number.

53.  Do I detect a thin ……………………… of jealousy in your tone?

54.  He was a man of very strong ladies ………………………, but sadly he often failed to live up to them.

55.  Now I know that you idle ……………………… about everything. I feel used and deceived. I hate you.

56.  She remained interested in politics. After she became blind, she read everything in liberal ……………………… she could lay her hands on.

57.  Which would you prefer - the scenic outer ………………………, or the more direct one taking the inner ring-road?

58.  She wore a pretty cotton trouser suit, pale yellow with thin black priests ………………………

59.  He was angry that we failed to discuss the wide anger ……………………… of issues that he had raised in his report.

60.  I want to study remain ……………………… biology at university, because I love the sea.

61.  It’s a sort of theme restaurant. There’s poetry on the walls, and the menu is written in serve ………………………

62.  This analysis shows up reveals ……………………… problems with our accounting system which will have to be sorted out.

63.  Claudia spider ……………………… herself on her ability to handle insects and other creepy-crawlies without any fear whatsoever.

64.  At 16,000 feet, he grew nauseated and weak, suffering from latitude ……………………… sickness

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