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Cặp phân thức có cùng mẫu thức: \(\frac{{5{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{4{\rm{x}} - 8}}\) và \(\frac{{4 - 2{\rm{x}}}}{{4\left( {x - 2} \right)}}\)
a) Ta có:
\(\frac{{9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{27{{\rm{x}}^3} - 1}} = \frac{{9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}}\)
\(\frac{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x}}}}{{16 - {x^2}}} = \frac{{x\left( {x - 4} \right)}}{{\left( {4 - x} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}} = \frac{{ - x\left( {4 - x} \right)}}{{\left( {4 - x} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}} = \frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}}\)
b) Mẫu thức chung của hai phân thức nhân được ở câu a là: \(\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của \(\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}}\) là: \(4 + x\)
Nhân tử phụ của \(\frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}}\) là : \(3{\rm{x}} - 1\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}} = \frac{{4 + x}}{{\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}}\)
\(\frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}} = \frac{{ - x\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {4 + x} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 6}}{{5{{\rm{x}}^2} - x}}.\frac{{25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{27 + 8{{\rm{x}}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)}}{{x\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}.\frac{{{{\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{x\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\b)\frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}:\frac{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}{{{x^2} - 9}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 9}}{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 5} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right){{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)
a) Ta có: \(P = \frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} - 1}} = \frac{{x + 1}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{x - 1}}\)
Suy ra: \(Q = \frac{1}{{x - 1}}\)
b) Thay x = 11 vào P ta được: \(P = \frac{{11 + 1}}{{{{11}^2} - 1}} = \frac{1}{{10}}\)
Thay x = 11 vào Q ta được: \(Q = \frac{1}{{11 - 1}} = \frac{1}{{10}}\)
Hai kết quả P = Q tại x = 11
\(a)\frac{{5{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{25{{\rm{x}}^2} + 50}} = \frac{{5\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{25\left( {{x^2} + 2} \right)}} = \frac{{x + 2}}{{5\left( {{x^2} + 2} \right)}}\)
\(b)\frac{{45{\rm{x}}\left( {3 - x} \right)}}{{15{\rm{x}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{3\left( {3 - x} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}\)
\(c)\frac{{{{\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^3} + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{{x^2} - x + 1}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)P.\frac{{x + 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}} = \frac{{{x^2} + x}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\P = \frac{{{x^2} + x}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}:\frac{{x + 1}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}}\\P = \frac{{{x^2} + x}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}.\frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{x + 1}}\\P = \frac{{x\left( {x + 1} \right).\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\\P = \frac{x}{{2{\rm{x}} - 1}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}b)Q:\frac{{{x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 4{\rm{x}} + 4}} = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}}}\\Q = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}}}.\frac{{{x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 4{\rm{x}} + 4}}\\Q = \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right).{x^2}}}{{x\left( {x - 2} \right).{{\left( {x + 2} \right)}^2}}}\\Q = \frac{{x\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{{x^2} - 4}}\end{array}\)
\(a,P=\dfrac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2+3x}\\ =\dfrac{x^2+2\cdot3\cdot x+3^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x}\\ Q=\dfrac{x^2+3x}{x^2-9}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ b,P\cdot Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\cdot x}{x\cdot\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}\\ P:Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}:\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x-3}{x}\\ =\dfrac{x^2-9}{x^2}\)
a) P= \(\dfrac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2+3x}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+3}{x}\)
Q= \(\dfrac{x^2+3x}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x-3}\)
b)\(P.Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x-3}=1\)
\(P:Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}:\dfrac{x}{x-3}=\dfrac{x+3}{x}.\dfrac{x-3}{x}=\dfrac{x^2-9}{x^2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{{{\rm{ - a}}{{\rm{x}}^2}{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{{x^2} - 1}} = \frac{{ - a\left( {{x^2} + x} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{ - ax\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{x - 1}}\)
Để hai phân thức sau bằng nhau: \(\frac{{{\rm{ - a}}{{\rm{x}}^2}{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{{x^2} - 1}}\) và \(\frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{x - 1}}\) khi và chỉ khi a = -3
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 2{\rm{x}}}} = \frac{1}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {x + 1} \right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{{3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 6{\rm{x}}}} = \frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}}\left( {x - 2} \right)}}\)
a) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^2} + 5{\rm{x}}}}{{(x - 10)({x^2} + 10{\rm{x}} + 25)}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 10} \right){{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\left( {x + 5 \ne 0} \right)\\ \Rightarrow P = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^2} + 10{\rm{x}}}}{{{x^4} - 100{{\rm{x}}^2}}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 10} \right)}}{{{x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 100} \right)}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 10} \right)}}{{{x^2}\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 10} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}}\\ \Rightarrow Q = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}}\end{array}\)
b) MTC là: \(x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức P là: x
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức Q là: (x + 5)
Khi đó:
\(P = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{x.x}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2}}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\)
\(Q = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}} = \frac{{1.\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{x + 5}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\)