Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz, ta có:

\(M=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+xz}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{1+1+1+xy+yz+xz}\)

\(\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}\)

\(=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

\(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\)

\(\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

\(A=4-\sqrt{21-8\sqrt{5}}=4-\sqrt{4^2-8\sqrt{5}+\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2}.\)

\(A=4-\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}=4-\left(4-\sqrt{5}\right)\)

=> \(A=\sqrt{5}\)

\(\sqrt{x^2+5}+\sqrt{x-1}+x^2=\sqrt{y^2+5}+\sqrt{y-1}+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+5}-\sqrt{y^2+5}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y-1}\right)+\left(x^2-y^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-y^2}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+\sqrt{y^2+5}}+\frac{x-y}{\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}}+\left(x^2-y^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x^2+5}+\sqrt{y^2+5}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}}+x+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}=-\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1992}-\sqrt{1993}}\)

\(=-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}+...+\sqrt{1992}+\sqrt{1993}\)

\(=\sqrt{1993}-\sqrt{2}\)

Vậy P là số vô tỉ

sao lại biết \(\sqrt{1993}-\sqrt{2}\)là số vô tỉ