cho a>0, b>0 thoả mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=2\)
tìm GTLN \(Q=\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^2+2ab^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^4+a^2+2a^2b}\)
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\(a\ge2b\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\ge2\)
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}\right)-2=\dfrac{a}{4b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{7}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)-2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{4ab}}+\dfrac{7}{4}.2-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(a=2b\)
\(4M=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
=> 8M \(\le\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=8\)
=> \(M\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 3/4
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(M_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu BĐT bị ngược, sửa đề: \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).
Đặt \(b^2=x\left(x>0\right)\Rightarrow a+x=2ax\).
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2a^2x+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ax^2+2a^2x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2ax\left(a+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{ax\left(a+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\)
Ta thấy: \(a+x\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ax\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ax-\sqrt{ax}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\left(\sqrt{ax}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow ax\ge1\)
Khi đó: \(\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).
Khúc đầu là: \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^2+2b^2}\) hay \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^2+2ab^2}\) ??
\(Q=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{a+b}.\dfrac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{a+b}.\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{a+c}.\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b}+\dfrac{2a}{a+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\right)\)
\(a+b+c=\sqrt{6063}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}+\dfrac{2y}{\sqrt{2y^2+1}}+\dfrac{2z}{\sqrt{2z^2+1}}\)
Ta có đánh giá:
\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{15}x+2\sqrt{5}}{25}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\sqrt{3}x-1\right)^2\left(9x^2+10\sqrt{3}x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{6\sqrt{15}\left(x+y+z\right)+12\sqrt{5}}{25}=\dfrac{6\sqrt{5}}{5}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(a^4+b^2\geq 2\sqrt{a^4b^2}=2a^2b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^2+2ab^2\geq 2a^2b+2ab^2=2ab(a+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^4+b^2+2ab^2}\leq \frac{1}{2ab(a+b)}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^4+a^2+2a^2b}\leq \frac{1}{2ab(a+b)}\)
Do đó: \(Q\leq \frac{1}{2ab(a+b)}+\frac{1}{2ab(a+b)}=\frac{1}{ab(a+b)}\)
Từ đk đầu tiên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=2\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}=2\Rightarrow a+b=2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\leq \frac{1}{2a^2b^2}\)
Theo BĐT Cô-si: \(2=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}\Rightarrow ab\geq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\leq \frac{1}{2(ab)^2}\leq \frac{1}{2.1^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Q_{\max}=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)