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Change these sentences into passive voice
1. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant
-> All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief engineer
2. They have to repair the engine of the car
-> The engine of the car has to be repaired by them
3. People sent a lot of money on advertising everyday
-> A lot of money on advertising was sent everyday
4. They may use this room for the classroom
-> This room may be used for the classroom
5. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books
-> Each of us was given two exercise books by the teacher
6. Someone will tell him that news
-> He will be told that news
7. They have sent enough money to these poor boys
-> These poor boys have been sent enough money
8. Does she teach tou computer?
9. Will she invite you to have lunch?
-> Will you be invited to have lunch by her ?
10. Did the teacher give some exercises?
-> Were some exercises given by the teacher ?
11. Why didn't they teach him?
-> Why wasn't he taught ?
12. How many books has he read?
-> How many books have been read by him ?
13. Where do people speak English?
-> Where is English spoken ?
14. How can they open this cafe?
-> How can this cafe be opened ?
15. I used to have breakfast at 6:00 a.m
-> Breakfast used to be eaten by me at 6:00 a.m
Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ
Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?
Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.
Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.
Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.
Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.
REM và mơ ước
Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.
Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.
Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.
Nghiên cứu mới
Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.
Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.
Vậy kết luận là gì?
Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.
Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?
Some theories of the purpose of dreams
Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?
Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.
The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.
Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.
Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.
REM and dreaming
Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.
Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.
It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.
New research
Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.
Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.
So what’s the conclusion?
Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.
Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?
1. Phuc and mai are studying in the same school T
2. Mai has long black hair and big eyes F
3. She is clever , hard - working , and funny F
4. She likes writing short stories F
5. Phuc and Mai are making a minibook on geography now T
6. They search for information in library books F
7. They are going to the museum to lake photos for their project T
8. After that they will go to the cinema together F
1. This writing is about my best frined, Mai. We go to the same school and we ve been trogether for three years. Mai is very pretty. She has short black hair and big brown eyes. She loves reading and writing short poems. I like being with her. We often do our homework together and she helps me a lot . I also like her because she knows a lot about astronomy and we can chat about it for hours. At the moment we re making a space minibook . We re doing a lot of searching on the internet. This Saturday we re going to the National Museum to lake some photos for our project. Then we re watching a new film on the Disney channel together . It is going to be fun!
Đánh đấu T và F các câu sau
1. Phuc and mai are studying in the same school T
2. Mai has long black hair and big eyes T
3. She is clever , hard - working , and funny F
4. She likes writing short stories F
5. Phuc and Mai are making a minibook on geography now T
6. They search for information in library books F
7. They are going to the museum to lake photos for their project T
8. After that they will go to the cinema together F
81.in Ha Noi./ one of/ nice lakes/ This is/ many
=> This is one of many nice lakes in Ha Noi.
82.goes to the cafeteria/ alone/ never/ at lunchtime./ He
=> He never goes to the cafeteria alone at lunchtime.
83.Clara leaves the office and finishing all her work.
84.Would she like .............? ( the cup of coffee iced, a cup of iced coffee, the cup of ice coffee )
85.When the weather is cold and wet, they move to a................... and make a home there. ( hotel, cave, house, tent )
86.book and/ listen to/ your/ my questions./ Close
=> Close your book and listen to my questions.
87.Benny/ getting up/ hates/ too early/ in the morning.
=> Benny hates getting up too early in the morning.
88.Sometimes I help my dad to tidy up the living room
89.Which _____ones_______ would you like, apples or bananas?
90.Australia is far from England, but they speak ________ ( English, French, German, Australia )
91.hard/ on the farm?/ work/ they/ Must
=> Must they work hard on the farm?
92.plan to do/ What/ during/ do you/ the summer vacation?
=> What do you plan to do during the summer vacation?
93.After the holiday, they will come back home __by___ train.
94.They are happy _____with____ their new house.
95.They _____ any help. ( wants, doesn't want, aren't waiting, don't want )
96.Are those your letters? - No, ______. ( this isn't, those aren't, these aren't, they aren't )
97.the center hospital./ My sister/ as/ works/ in/ a nurse
=> My sister works as a nurse in the center hospital.
98.by train./ home/ they will/ come back/ After the holiday
=> After the holiday they will come back home by train.
99.Collecting Chinese dolls ____is____ Mike's interest.
100.She usually comes __________ home at 5 p.m ( to, at, in, O )
81.in Ha Noi./ one of/ nice lakes/ This is/ many
=> This is one of many nice lakes in Ha Noi.
82.goes to the cafeteria/ alone/ never/ at lunchtime./ He
=> He never goes to the cafeteria alone at lunchtime.
83.Clara leavers the office after finishing all her work.
84.Would she like .............? ( the cup of coffee iced, a cup of iced coffee, the cup of ice coffee )
85.When the weather is cold and wet, they move to a................... and make a home there. ( hotel, cave, house, tent )
86.book and/ listen to/ your/ my questions./ Close
=> Close your book and listen to my question.
87.Benny/ getting up/ hates/ too early/ in the morning.
=> Benny hates getting up too early in the morning.
88.Sometimes I help my dad to tidy up the living room
89.Which __fruit__________ would you like, apples or bananas?
90.Australia is far from England, but they speak ________ ( English, French, German, Australia )
91.hard/ on the farm?/ work/ they/ Must
=> Must they work hard on the farm ?
92.plan to do/ What/ during/ do you/ the summer vacation?
=> What do you plant to do during the summer vacation ?
93.After the holiday, they will come back home __by___ train.
94.They are happy _____with____ their new house.
95.They _____ any help. ( wants, doesn't want, aren's waiting, don't want )
96.Are those your letters? - No, ______. ( this isn't, those aren's, these aren't, they aren't )
97.the center hospital./ My sister/ as/ works/ in/ a nurse
=> My sister works as a nurse in the center hospital.
98.by train./ home/ they will/ come back/ After the holiday
=> After the holiday,they will come back home by train.
99.Collecting Chinese dolls ___is_____ Mike's interest.
100.She usually comes __________ home at 5 p.m ( to, at, in, O )
51. There is/are two reasons [plural subject] for this.
52. There is/are no reason for her lateness for work.
53. Here is/are two apples that you want.
54. My glasses were /was on the bed.
55. My pants were /was torn while I was climbing up the tree yesterday morning.
56. A pair of plaid trousers is/are in the closet.
57. The news from the front page is/are bad.
58. Measles is/are a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
59. My assets were /was wiped out in the depression.
60. The average workers earnings have/has gone up dramatically.
61. Our thanks go /goes to the workers who supported the union.
62. Some of the voters is/are still angry.
63. A large percentage of the older population is/are voting against her.
64. Two-fifths of the troops were /was lost in the battle.
65. Two-fifths of the vineyard were /was destroyed by fire.
66. Forty percent of the students is/are in favor of changing the policy.
67. Forty percent of the student body is/are in favor of changing the policy.
68. Two and two is/are four.
69. Four times four divided by two is/are eight.
70. The department members but not the chair has / have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day.
71. It is not the faculty members but the president who decide / decides this issue.
72. It were /was the speaker, not his ideas, that has/ have provoked the students to riot.
73. The colors of the rainbow is/are beautiful.
74. There is/are a problem with the balance sheet. Here is/are the papers you requested
75. The cow and the pig is/are jumping over the moon.
76. Red beans and rice is/are my mom's favorite dish.
77. No smoking or drinking is/are allowed. Every man and woman is/are required to check in.
78. Jessica or Christian is/are to blame for the accident.
79. All of the chicken is/are gone.
80. Four quarts of oil were /was required to get the car running.
81. The study of languages requires /require time.
82. The president, together with his advisors, is/are coming.
83. They, no less than Tom, were /was eager to start.
84. The manager, as well as his assistant, has/have arrived.
85. The number of students is/are 40.
86. Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for this book.
87. Who has stolen that car is/are still a big question.
88. Neither John nor his friends is/are going to the beach today.
89. Either John or his friends is/are going to the beach today.
90. Neither the boys nor Carmen has/have seen this movie before.
91. Either John or Bill is/are going to the beach today.
92. Neither the director nor the secretary wants/want to leave yet.
93. No example is/are relevant to this case.
94. No examples is/are relevant to this case.
95. None of the counterfeit money has/have been found.
96. None of the students have/has finished the exam yet.
97. Everybody who wants/want to buy a ticket should be in this line.
98. Please help me; something is/are in my eye.
99. Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk.
100. Neither of his pens is/are able to be used..
51. There is/are two reasons [plural subject] for this.:are
52. There is/are no reason for her lateness for work.:is
53. Here is/are two apples that you want:are.
54. My glasses were /was on the bed.:was
55. My pants were /was torn while I was climbing up the tree yesterday morning.:were
56. A pair of plaid trousers is/are in the closet.:is
57. The news from the front page is/are bad.:are
58. Measles is/are a dangerous disease for pregnant women.:are
59. My assets were /was wiped out in the depression.:was
60. The average worker's earnings have/has gone up dramatically.:has
61. Our thanks go /goes to the workers who supported the union.: go
62. Some of the voters is/are still angry.: are
63. A large percentage of the older population is/are voting against her.: is
64. Two-fifths of the troops were /was lost in the battle.:were
65. Two-fifths of the vineyard were /was destroyed by fire.:were
66. Forty percent of the students is/are in favor of changing the policy.:are
67. Forty percent of the student body is/are in favor of changing the policy.:are
68. Two and two is/are four.:are
69. Four times four divided by two is/are eight.:two
70. The department members but not the chair has / have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day.:has
71. It is not the faculty members but the president who decide / decides this issue.
72. It were /was the speaker, not his ideas, that has/ have provoked the students to riot.
73. The colors of the rainbow is/are beautiful.:are
74. There is/are a problem with the balance sheet. Here is/are the papers you requested:is
75. The cow and the pig is/are jumping over the moon.:are
76. Red beans and rice is/are my mom's favorite dish.
77. No smoking or drinking is/are allowed. Every man and woman is/are required to check in.:is
78. Jessica or Christian is/are to blame for the accident.is
79. All of the chicken is/are gone. All of the chickens is/are gone.:are
80. Four quarts of oil were /was required to get the car running.:were
81. The study of languages requires /require time: require.
82. The president, together with his advisors, is/are coming.: are
83. They, no less than Tom, were /was eager to start.: was
84. The manager, as well as his assistant, has/have arrived.:has
85. The number of students is/are 40.: is
86. Twenty dollars is/are too much to pay for this book.: are
87. Who has stolen that car is/are still a big question.: is
88. Neither John nor his friends is/are going to the beach today.
89. Either John or his friends is/are going to the beach today.
90. Neither the boys nor Carmen has/have seen this movie before.
91. Either John or Bill is/are going to the beach today.
92. Neither the director nor the secretary wants/want to leave yet.
93. No example is/are relevant to this case.
94. No examples is/are relevant to this case.
95. None of the counterfeit money has/have been found.
96. None of the students have/has finished the exam yet.
97. Everybody who wants/want to buy a ticket should be in this line.
98. Please help me; something is/are in my eye.
99. Anybody who has/have lost his ticket should report to the desk.
100. Neither of his pens is/are able to be used..
Alice is a new English friend of mine. She is very pleased to tell about her new school. Her lessons begin at mine each morning and last until half-past ten. Then she has a break for a quarter of an hour. During this time she usually talks to her friend about many things such as the last class or the last night's movie. She has five periods in the morning and three in the afternoon. Alice's favourite subject is English. The first term lasts 4 months from March to May. Alice tries her best to become a good student in the class.
Điền từ thích hợp
Alice is a new English friend of ..mine. . She is very .a.. to tell about her new ...school . Her lessons begin at mine each morning and .last.. until half-past ten. Then she has a .break.. for a quarter of an hour. During this time she usually talks to her friend about many things such ..as. the last class or the last night's movie. She has five .periods.. in the morning and three in the afternoon. Alice's favourite ..subject. English. The first term lasts 4 months from March to May. Alice tries her .best.. to become a good student in the class
81 This box hasn't been opened for ages
82 Lan's mother was taken to the airport by her
83 Our national football team is being trained by an English expert
84 My question can be answered by Nam
85 An English Vietnamese dictionary will be sent to be
86 We aren't told about this project
87 He was told where the hospital was by the policeman
88 Our grandmother was asked to tell about this story by us
89 We were welcomed warmly by the villagers
90 She would like to be invited to the party
91 I think everybody should be told about it
92 This motorbike hasn't been used for a long time
93 They want the form teacher to be replace
94 When her had has been taken off, it was hung up by her
95 This poem should be learnt by heart
81. This box hasn't been opened for ages
82. Lan's mother was taken to the airport by Lan
83. Our national football team is being trained by an English expert
84. My questions can be answered by Nam
85. I will be sent an English Vietnamese dictionary
86. We aren't told about this project
87. He was told where the hospital was by the policeman
88. Our grandmother was asked to tell about this story
89. We were welcomed warmly by the villagers
90. She would like to be invited to the party
91. I think everybody should be told about it
92. This motorbike hasn't been used for a long time
93. They want the form teacher to be replaced
94. When her hat had been taken off, it was hung up
95. This poem should be learnt by heart
96. The whole town has been destroyed by an earthquake
97. Most of their shops are closed during the Tet holidays
98. A new station is being built by the workers
99. The football match was delayed because of the heavy rain
100. Airplanes are used more often today
101. That car hasn't been used for ages
102. She was sent some money by her father recently
103. Was that bridge built a long time ago?
104. Is this letter written by you>
105. Where is this novel borrowed?
106. The visitors was surprised by the size of the pyramid
107. The letter is written in English
108. Lots of milk has been given by this cow
109. Potatoes can be grown in this farm
110. They was shown to their seats neat the stage by an usher