Cho hai số a,b>0, chứng minh rằng 4(a3 + b3 ) >= (a+b)3
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1. b3+b= 3
(b3+b)=3
b.(3+1)=3
b. 4= 3
b=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
a3+a= 3 b3
(a3+a)=3
a.(3+1)=3
a. 4= 3
a=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
2
Lời giải:
$a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$
Ta có:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3$
$=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=(-c)^3+3abc+c^3=3abc$ chứ không phải bằng $0$ nhé.
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac>=0\)(vì a+b+c>0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(a,b,c>0\Leftrightarrow a+b+c>0\)
Lại có \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
Nhân vế theo vế ta được đpcm
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a3+b3+c3= (a+b)3-3ab(a+b)+c3
Thay a+b=-c vào, ta được:
a3 + b3 +c3 = (-c)3 -3ab(-c) +c3 = 3abc (đpcm)
a+b+c+d=0 => a+d= -b-c; (a+b)3=a3+b3+3ab(a+b) => a3+b3=(a+b)3-3ab(a+b)
a3+d3+b3+d3
=(a+d)3- 3ad(a+d)+ (b+c)3-3bc(b+c) (1)
Do a+d=-b-c nên pt (1) trở thành:
-(b+c)3-3ad(-b-c)+ (b+c)3-3bc(b+c)
=3ad(b+c)-3bc(b+c)
=3(b+c)(ad-bc) <đccm>
Câu 9:
\(a,\left(a+1\right)^2\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2a+1\ge4a\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(b,\) Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{a}\cdot2\sqrt{b}\cdot2\sqrt{c}=8\sqrt{abc}=8\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Câu 10:
\(a,\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(b,\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\left(luôn.đúng\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Câu 13:
\(M=\left(a^2+ab+\dfrac{1}{4}b^2\right)-3\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}b^2-\dfrac{3}{2}b+2021\\ M=\left[\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}\right]+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+2018\\ M=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2}b-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b-1\right)^2+2018\ge2018\\ M_{min}=2018\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Câu 6:
$2=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)>0$
$\Rightarrow a+b>0$
$4(a^3+b^3)-N^3=4(a^3+b^3)-(a+b)^3$
$=3(a^3+b^3)-3ab(a+b)=(a+b)(a-b)^2\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow N^3\leq 4(a^3+b^3)=8$
$\Rightarrow N\leq 2$
Vậy $N_{\max}=2$
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\ \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có 4(a3 + b3) \(\ge\)(a + b)3
<=> 4a3 + 4b3 \(\ge\)a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
<=> 4a3 + 4b3 - (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 )\(\ge\)0
<=> 3a3 + 3b3 - 3a2b - 3ab2 \(\ge\)0
<=> a3 + b3 - a2b - ab2 \(\ge\)0
<=> (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) - ab(a + b) \(\ge0\)
<=> (a + b)(a2 - 2ab + b2) \(\ge\)0
<=> (a + b)(a - b)2 \(\ge\)0 (đúng với a;b > 0)
=> 4(a3 + b3) \(\ge\)(a + b)3