cho a,b,c dương CMR$\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a} \geq a\sqrt{ac}+b\sqrt{ba}+c\sqrt{cb}$
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ta có : \(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^3}{b}+bc+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+ca+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab-\left(ac+bc+ab\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3}{b}+bc+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+ca+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab-\left(\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{ac}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ac}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b}.bc}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^3}{c}.ca}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{c^3}{a}.ab}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab.bc}{4}}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab.ac}{4}}-2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc.ac}{4}}\)
\(\ge2a\sqrt{ac}+2b\sqrt{ba}+2c\sqrt{cb}-b\sqrt{ac}-a\sqrt{bc}-c\sqrt{ab}=a\sqrt{ac}+b\sqrt{ba}+c\sqrt{cb}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(\sqrt{a^3c}+\sqrt{b^3a}+\sqrt{c^3b}\right)\)
Thật vậy, Áp dụng BĐT \(\left(X+Y+Z\right)^2\ge3\left(XY+YZ+ZX\right)\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X=a+\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ac}\\Y=b+\sqrt{ac}-\sqrt{ab}\\Z=c+\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có ngay ĐPCM. ( mất chút time khai triển)
Dấu = xảy ra khi X=Y=Z hay a=b=c
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
$\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
Cộng theo vế và thu gọn:
$\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Leftrightarrow 3\geq \frac{3(1+\sqrt[3]{abc})}{\sqrt[3]{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}}$
$\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq (1+\sqrt[3]{abc})^3$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$a^3+a^3+a^3+a^3+b^3+c^3\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^{12}b^3c^3}=6a^2\sqrt{bc}$
$b^3+b^3+b^3+b^3+a^3+c^3\geq 6b^2\sqrt{ac}$
$c^3+c^3+c^3+c^3+a^3+b^3\geq 6c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn thu được:
$a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2\sqrt{bc}+b^2\sqrt{ac}+c^2\sqrt{ab}$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Cô-si)
\(1+a^3+b^3\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}=3ab\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{1+a^3+b^3}}{ab}\geq \frac{\sqrt{3ab}}{ab}=\frac{c\sqrt{3ab}}{abc}=c\sqrt{3ab}=\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{3abc}=\sqrt{3c}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+b^3+c^3}}{bc}\geq \sqrt{3a}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+a^3+c^3}}{ac}\geq \sqrt{3b}\)
Cộng theo vế những BĐT vừa thu được ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a^3+b^3+1}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{b^3+c^3+1}}{bc}+\frac{\sqrt{c^3+a^3+1}}{ac}\geq \sqrt{3}(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})\)
\(\geq \sqrt{3}.3\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{c}}=\sqrt{3}.3\sqrt[6]{abc}=3\sqrt{3}\) (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Đặt vế trái là T, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b+1}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\dfrac{b+1+2}{2}}=\dfrac{a.2\sqrt{2}}{b+3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c+1}}\ge\dfrac{b.2\sqrt{2}}{c+3}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+1}}\ge\dfrac{c.2\sqrt{2}}{a+3}\)
Cộng vế theo vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{a+3}\right)=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+3a}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+3b}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+3c}\right)\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+3\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+3\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{3^2}{\dfrac{3^2}{3}+9}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
b) Đặt vế trái là N,ta có:
\(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b+3}}=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4}{ab+3}}=\sum\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{ab+3}}=\sum\dfrac{2a^2}{\sqrt{4a\left(b+3\right)}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2a^2}{\dfrac{4a+b+3}{2}}=\sum\dfrac{4a^2}{4a+b+3}\)
\(\sum\dfrac{4a^2}{4a+b+3}\ge\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{4a+b+3+4b+c+3+4c+a+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}}\)
Ta chứng minh rằng:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+15bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+15ca}+c\sqrt{c^2+15ab}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3+15abc}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3+15abc}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c^3+15abc}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta được:
\(\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a^3+15abc}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b^3+15abc}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c^3+15abc}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\right)}\)Ta tiếp tục chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right)\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Caushy) ta được:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right)\ge\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3.2\sqrt{ab}.2.\sqrt{bc}.2.\sqrt{ca}\right)=\dfrac{16}{9}.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{16}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{9}a^3+\dfrac{16}{9}b^3+\dfrac{16}{9}c^3+\dfrac{16}{9}.24abc\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+45abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{3}abc\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM (Caushy) ta được:
\(\dfrac{7}{9}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}=\dfrac{7}{3}abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\) (*) đúng.
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c>0\).
Ta thấy: `(a-b)^2≥0`
`⇒a^2-2ab+b^2≥0`
`⇒a^2+b^2≥2ab`
`⇒a^2+2ab+b^2≥4ab`
`⇒(a+b)^2≥4ab`
`⇒a+b≥2\sqrt{ab}` $(*)$
Từ $(*)$.Suy ra: `a^3/b+bc≥2a\sqrt{ac} (1)`
` b^3/c+ca≥2b\sqrt{ba} (2)`
` c^3/a+ab≥2c\sqrt{cb} (3)`
Từ `(1);(2);(3)` ta được:
`a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/a+(ab+bc+ca)≥2(a\sqrt{ac}+b\sqrt{ba}+c\sqrt{cb})` $(**)$
Từ $(*)$.Suy ra:
`a^3/b+ab≥2a^2(4)`
`b^3/c+bc≥2b^2(5)`
`c^3/b+bc≥2c^2(6)`
Từ `(4);(5);(6)` ta có:
`a^3/b+ab+b^3/c+bc+c^3/b+bc≥2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`⇒a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b≥2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-ab-bc-ca`
`⇒2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-ab-bc-ca≥a^2+b^2+c^2≥ab+bc+ca`
`⇒a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b≥ab+bc+ca`
`⇒2(a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b)≥a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b+ab+bc+ca` $(***)$
Từ $(**);(***)$ ta có: `2(a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b)≥2(a\sqrt{ac}+b\sqrt{ba}+c\sqrt{cb})`
`⇒a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/b≥a\sqrt{ac}+b\sqrt{ba}+c\sqrt{cb}`
Em có thể làm thế này cũng được:
\(\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+ac\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b^2+ab\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c^2+bc\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2a\sqrt{ac}+\dfrac{1}{2}.2b\sqrt{ab}+\dfrac{1}{2}.2c\sqrt{bc}\) (đpcm)