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Đặt: \(a=\frac{1+x}{1-x};b=\frac{1+y}{1-y};c=\frac{1+z}{1-z}\)
\(\Rightarrow-1< x,y,z< 1\)
Theo đề bài thì \(abc=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+x}{1-x}.\frac{1+y}{1-y}.\frac{1+z}{1-z}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=-xyz\)
Thế lại bài toán ta có:
\(\text{ Σ}\frac{a\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\text{ Σ}\frac{\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)\left(3.\frac{1+x}{1-x}+1\right)}{\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}+1\right)^2}=\text{ Σ}\frac{x^2+3x+2}{2}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=3+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2-3xyz}{2}\)
\(\ge3+\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}-3xyz}{2}\)
\(=3+\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}.\left(1-\sqrt[3]{xyz}\right)}{2}\ge3\)
PS: Nè cô
Nè cô Bùi Thị Vân - Trang của Bùi Thị Vân - Học toán với OnlineMath
Cách 1. Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM :
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Cách 2. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy : \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=a\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge b\) , \(\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{c+d}{4}\ge c\), \(\frac{d^2}{d+a}+\frac{d+a}{4}\ge d\)
Cộng theo vế : \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}+\frac{1}{4}.2.\left(a+b+c+d\right)\ge a+b+c+d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+d}+\frac{d^2}{d+a}\ge\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
bài thứ : \(109\left(1\right)\)chuyên đề bất đẳng thức
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(S=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+\frac{d-b}{c+b}+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+\frac{c-a}{d+a}\)
\(S=\left(\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d-b}{c+b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c-a}{d+a}+1\right)-4\)
\(S=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{c+d}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{d+a}-4\)
\(S=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+b}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)-4\)
\(\ge\left(a+b\right)\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}+\left(c+d\right)\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}-4\)
\(=\frac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{4\left(c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4=\frac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4=4-4=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=d\)
Vậy \(Min\left(S\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Học tốt!!!!
Đặt \(b+c+d=x;c+d+a=y;a+b+d=z;a+b+c=t\)
Có \(a=\frac{y+z+t-2x}{3}\)
Tương tự :\(b=\frac{x+z+t-2y}{3}\)
\(c=\frac{x+y+t-2z}{3}\)
\(d=\frac{y+x+z-2t}{3}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
Thay vào biểu thức ta có :
\(M=\frac{\frac{y+z+t-2x}{3}}{x}+\frac{\frac{x+z+t-2y}{3}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y+t-2z}{3}}{z}+\frac{\frac{y+x+z-2t}{3}}{t}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{y+z+t-2x}{x}+\frac{x+z+t-2y}{y}+\frac{x+y+t-2z}{z}+\frac{x+z+y-2t}{t}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{t}{x}+\frac{x}{t}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{t}{y}+\frac{y}{t}\right)+\left(\frac{t}{z}+\frac{z}{t}\right)-8\right]\)
Sử dụng BĐT Cô-si suy ra \(Min_M=\frac{1}{3}.\left(12-8\right)=\frac{4}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x = y = z = t hay \(b+c+d=a+b+c=c+d+a=b+d+a\) ( tự giải ra a=b=c=d)
Đặt \(N=\frac{b+c+d}{a}+\frac{c+a+d}{b}+\frac{d+a+b}{c}+\frac{a+b+c}{d}\)
\(=\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{d}{a}+\frac{a}{d}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{d}{c}+\frac{c}{d}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{d}+\frac{d}{b}\right)\)
Sử dụng Cô-si ra \(N\ge12\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=d ( tự giải ).
Do đó \(S=M+N\ge\frac{4}{3}+12=13\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
\(\)
Áp dụng bđt cô - si cho 2 số không âm, ta được:
\(S=\text{ Σ}_{a,b,c,d}\left(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b+c+d}{9a}\right)+\text{ Σ}_{a,b,c,d}\frac{8}{9}.\frac{b+c+d}{9a}\)
\(\ge8\sqrt[8]{\frac{a}{b+c+d}.\frac{b}{c+d+a}.\frac{c}{a+b+d}.\frac{d}{a+b+c}}\)\(\sqrt{\frac{b+c+d}{9a}.\frac{c+d+a}{9b}.\frac{a+b+d}{9c}.\frac{a+b+c}{9d}}\)
\(+\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{d}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{d}{c}+\frac{a}{d}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{8}{3}+\frac{8}{9}.12=\frac{40}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = d
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+\frac{d-b}{c+b}+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+\frac{c-a}{d+a}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d-b}{c+b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c-a}{d+a}+1\right)-4\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{d+c}{c+b}+\frac{b+a}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{d+a}-4\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+b}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)-4\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{4\left(c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4\) (Cauchy Schwars)
\(=\frac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4=4-4=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = d
Vậy Min(S) = 0 khi a = b = c = d
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức bu nhi a ta có
\(\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)^2\le\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)
=> \(\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4}{a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3}\ge\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}\)
tương tự ta có
\(\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{a+b+c+d}\)
mà \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\left(1+1+1+1\right)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge1\)
từ đó ta có
\(\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4}{a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{2}\)
mk ko bt viết sigma trên đây :'< bn thông cảm
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}-4\)
\(=\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)-4\)
\(\ge\frac{16\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}-4=\frac{16}{3}-4=\frac{4}{3}\)
Đặt \(B=\frac{b+c+d}{a}+\frac{a+c+d}{b}+\frac{a+b+d}{c}+\frac{a+b+c}{d}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}-4\)
\(=\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\right)-4\ge\frac{16\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}-4=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(S=A+B\ge\frac{4}{3}+12=\frac{40}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\)