Lý thuyết 2 SVIP

III. CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

1. Câu trần thuật

Cấu trúc: S + said / said to sb / told sb + (that) + S + V.

  Ví dụ:

  He said, "I am tired."

  ➝ He said (that) he was tired.

  She told me, "I'm happy to see you."

  ➝ She told me that she was happy to see me. 

2. Câu hỏi

Quy tắc: Khi tường thuật câu hỏi, cần chuyển cấu trúc câu hỏi (trợ động từ + S + V) thành cấu trúc câu trần thuật (S +V).

Cấu trúc:

- Yes / No questions: S + asked (O) / wanted to know + if / whether + S + V.

- Wh- questions: S + asked (O) / wanted to know + wh- word + S + V.

  Ví dụ:

  He asked, "Are you coming?"

  ➝ He asked if I was coming.

  She asked, "Where are you?"

  ➝ She wanted to know where I was. 

3. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, đề nghị

Cấu trúc: 

- Khẳng định: S + asked / told + O + to V.

- Phủ định: S + asked / told + O + not + to V.

  Ví dụ:

  "Close the door," he told me.

  ➝ He told me to close the door.

  “Don’t be late for school, Linh”, the teacher said.

  ➝ The teacher asked Linh not to be late for school.

4. Các loại câu khác

- Tường thuật lời mời: S + invited + O + to V. 

  Ví dụ:

  She said, "Would you like to come to my party?"

  ➝ She invited me to come to her party.

- Tường thuật lời đề nghị, gợi ý:

  S + suggested + V-ing (khi không đề cập đối tượng cụ thể)

  S + suggested + (that) + S + (should) + V(bare-inf) (khi có đối tượng cụ thể)

  Ví dụ:

  "Let's go to the cinema," he said.

  ➝ He suggested going to the cinema.

  "You should see a doctor," she said. 

  ➝ She suggested that I should see a doctor.

- Tường thuật lời khuyên: S + advised + O + to V.

  Ví dụ:

  "You should study harder," the teacher said.

  ➝ The teacher advised me to study harder.

- Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: S + warned + O + (not) to V.

  Ví dụ:

  "Don’t touch the electric wires," he said.

  ➝ He warned me not to touch the electric wires.

- Tường thuật lời xin lỗi: S + apologized + (to sb) + for + V-ing. 

  Ví dụ:

  She said, "I'm sorry for being late."

  ➝ ​ She apologized (to me) for being late.

- Tường thuật lời cảm ơn: S + thanked + O + for + V-ing. 

  Ví dụ:

  She said, "Thank you for helping me."

  ➝ She thanked me for helping her.