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a: A=x^2-2x+1+4
=(x-1)^2+4>=4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1
b: =x^2-x+1/4+3/4
=(x-1/2)^2+3/4>=3/4
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1/2
c: =2x+8-x^2-4x
=-x^2-2x+8
=-x^2-2x-1+9
=-(x^2+2x+1)+9
=-(x+1)^2+9<=9
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-1
d: =x^2-2xy+y^2+4y^2+4y+1+2
=(x-y)^2+(2y+1)^2+2>=2
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y và 2y+1=0
=>x=y=-1/2
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Ta có:
\(3-S=\left(x^2+4y^2+9z^2\right)-\left(2x+4y+6z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3-S=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-4y+1\right)+\left(9z^2-6z+1\right)-3\)
\(\Rightarrow6-S=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2+\left(3z-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le6\)
\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y-1=0\\3z-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
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A∈Z⇒\(\dfrac{2\left(x+1\right)}{x+3}\in Z\Rightarrow\left(2x+2\right)⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+6-4\right)⋮\left(x+3\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left[2\left(x+3\right)-4\right]⋮\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\text{Mà}2\left(x+3\right)⋮\left(x+3\right)\\ \Rightarrow-4⋮\left(x+3\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+3\inƯ\left(-4\right)=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{-7;-5;-4;-2;-1;1\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+2x\right)-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a,ĐKXĐ:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\pm1\\x\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{2}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x-1}+\dfrac{5}{x^2-1}\right):\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2-1}\\ =\left(\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}+\dfrac{5}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x+1}\\ =\dfrac{2x-2-x-1+5}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x+1}\\ =\dfrac{x+2}{2x+1}\)
\(b,A=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+2}{2x+1}=3\\ \Leftrightarrow6x+3=x+2\\ \Leftrightarrow5x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\left(tm\right)\)
\(c,\dfrac{1}{A}=\dfrac{2x+1}{x+2}=\dfrac{2x+4-3}{x+2}=\dfrac{2\left(x+2\right)-3}{x+2}=2-\dfrac{3}{x+2}\)
Để `1/A` là số nguyên thì `3/(x+2)` nguyên \(\Rightarrow x+2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)
Ta có bảng:
x+2 | -3 | -1 | 1 | 3 |
x | -5 | -3 | -1(ktm) | 1(ktm) |
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-5;-3\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left|x-1\right|=x+3\left(ĐK:x\ge-3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=x+3\\x-1=-x-3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-x=1+3\\x+x=1-3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0x=4\\2x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tmđk\right)\)
Vậy x = -1 là nghiệm của pt.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
d. Áp dụng BĐT Caushy Schwartz ta có:
\(x+y+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le x+y+\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y+\dfrac{4}{x+y}\le1+\dfrac{4}{1}=5\)
-Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)