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3) Biến đổi tương đương:
\(8\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3+\left(b+c\right)^3+\left(a+c\right)^3\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3+c^3\right)+6\left(a^3+c^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3+c^3\right)+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3bc\left(b+c\right)+3ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[a^3+b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)\right]+\left[a^3+c^3-ac\left(a+c\right)\right]+\left[b^3+c^3-bc\left(b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng do a, b, c > 0
=> (1) đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
4) Ta có: a+b>c ; b+c>a; a+c>b
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Vậy suy ra được điều phải chứng minh
Xét hiệu VT - VP
\(\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{ab+b^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+ab-bc-a^2}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+bc-ac-b^2}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+ac-ab-c^2}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
Do a,b,c bình đẳng nên giả sử a\(\ge\)b\(\ge\)c, khi đó \(b\left(a-c\right)\)\(\ge\)0, c(b-a)\(\le\)0, a(c-b)\(\le\)0
\(a^3\ge b^3\ge c^3=>abc+a^3\ge abc+b^3\ge abc+c^3\)=>\(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\)
=> VT -VP \(\le\) \(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ac}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{ac-ab}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\) nên VT-VP <0 đpcm
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_ Schwarz ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^6}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\frac{b^6}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\frac{c^6}{c^3+c^2a+ca^2}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3+c^3)^2}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^3+b^2c+bc^2+c^3+c^2a+ca^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3+c^3)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ac(a+c)}\) (I)
Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+a^3+b^3\geq 3a^2b\\ b^3+b^3+c^3\geq 3b^2c\\ c^3+c^3+a^3\geq 3c^2a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 3(a^3+b^3+c^3)\geq 3(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\) (1)
Tương tự:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^3+b^3+b^3\geq 3ab^2\\ b^3+c^3+c^3\geq 3bc^2\\ c^3+a^3+a^3\geq 3ca^2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 3(a^3+b^3+c^3)\geq 3(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\geq ab^2+bc^2+ca^2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(a^3+b^3+c^3)\geq ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ac(c+a)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ac(c+a)\leq 3(a^3+b^3+c^3)\) (II)
Từ \((I);(II)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3+c^3)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ac(a+c)}\geq \frac{(a^3+b^3+c^3)^2}{3(a^3+b^3+c^3)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{a^2+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b^2+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c^2+ab}{a+b}\geq a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+bc}{b+c}-c+\frac{b^2+ac}{a+c}-a+\frac{c^2+ab}{a+b}-b\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2-c^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2-a^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2-b^2}{a+b}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(\frac{1}{b+c}-\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{1}{a+c}-\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+c^2\left(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2(a-b)(a+b)+b^2(b-c)(b+c)+c^2(c-a)(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a^2-b^2)+b^2(b^2-c^2)+c^2(c^2-a^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4-(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a^2-b^2)^2+(b^2-c^2)^2+(c^2-a^2)^2}{2}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
AM-GM ngược dấu như sau:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3};\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a-b}{3}+\dfrac{2b-c}{3}+\dfrac{2c-a}{3}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=VP\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}\)
Dễ thấy :
\(a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}+ab(b+c)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)=(a^{2}+ b^{2}+c^{2})(a+b+c)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
Vậy cần chứng minh
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (luôn đúng)
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(=a^3+ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+b^3+c^2b+a^2c+b^2c+c^3-a^2b-abc-a^2c-ab^2-b^2c-abc-abc-bc^2-ac^2\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) Bạn chỉ cần nhân bung cả 2 vế ra là được á .
c) \(2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}-\dfrac{a}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{b+c-a}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\)
\(=ab+ac-a^2+b^2+bc-ab+bc+c^2-ac\)
\(=2bc+b^2+c^2-a^2\left(đpcm\right)\)
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^6}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^6}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^6}{c^3+ac^2+a^2c}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^3+b^2c+bc^2+c^3+ac^2+a^2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\). Cần chứng minh BĐT
\(\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Lại xài BĐT Holder ta có:
\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{3}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
BĐT cuối nên ta có cả bài này sai. Ai có cách khác hay soi lỗi hộ thì tks trước :v
@Xuân Tuấn Trịnh và những bạn khác nữa giúp mình đi