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a) (x - 1)(x - 2). b) 4(x - 2)(x - 7).
c) (x + 2)(2x +1). d) (x - l)(2x - 7).
e) (2x + 3y - 3)(2x - 3y +1). g) (x - 3)( x 3 + x 2 - x +1).
h) (x + y)(x + y-l)(x + y + l).
Bài 1:
\(a,=15x^4-12x^3+9x^2\\ b,=-15x^3y^2+25x^2y^2-5xy^3\\ c,=5x^3-15x^2-4x^2+12x=5x^3-19x^2+12x\\ d,=3x^3-9x^2y+xy^2-3y^3+5x^2y-15xy^2=3x^3-3y^3-4x^2y-14xy^2\)
Bài 2:
\(a,=x^2+4x-21-x^2-4x+5=-16\\ b,=x^2+16x+64-2x^2-12x+32+x^2-4x+4=100\\ c,=x^4-16x^2-x^4+1=1-16x^2\\ d,=x^3+1-x^3+1=2\)
*Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất
a) \(A=x^2-4x+1\)
Ta có: \(A=x^2-4x+1\)
\(=x^2-4x+4-5=\left(x-2\right)^2-5\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-5\ge-5\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(A=x^2-4x+1\) là -5 khi x=2
b) \(B=4x^2+4x+11\)
Ta có: \(B=4x^2+4x+11\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot1+1+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow2x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(B=4x^2+4x+11\) là 10 khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
*Tìm giá trị lớn nhất
e) \(E=5-8x-x^2\)
Ta có: \(E=5-8x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(-5+8x+x^2\right)=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x+4\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4\)
Vậy: Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(E=5-8x-x^2\) là 21 khi x=-4
f) \(F=4x-x^2+1\)
Ta có: \(F=4x-x^2+1\)
\(=-\left(-4x+x^2-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-1\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\le5\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy: Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(F=4x-x^2+1\) là 5 khi x=2
a.
\(A=x^2-4x+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)
GTNN của A đạt 2 khi và chỉ khi \(x=2\)
b.
\(B=y^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
GTNN của B đạt \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c.
\(C=x^2-4x+4+y^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
GTNN của C đạt \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A=x^2-4x+6\)
\(A=x^2-4x+4+2\)
\(A=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\)
Mà: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(A=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left(x-2\right)^2+2=2\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy: \(A_{min}=2\) khi \(x=2\)
b) \(B=y^2-y+1\)
\(B=y^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(B=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\forall x\) nên \(B=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5\)
\(C=x^2-4x+4+y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{matrix}\right.\) nên
\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(C_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(=\left(3-x\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
b: \(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
=(x-y)(3x-5)
c: \(=x\left(x-y\right)-10\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-10\right)\)
a) \(=x\left(3-x\right)+\left(3-x\right)=\left(3-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) \(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)
c) \(=x\left(x-y\right)-10\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-10\right)\)
d) \(=\left(x+y\right)^2-16=\left(x+y-4\right)\left(x+y+4\right)\)
e) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-4\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-4\right)\)
f) \(=9-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=9-\left(2x-y\right)^2=\left(3-2x+y\right)\left(3+2x-y\right)\)
g) \(=y\left(y^2-2xy+x^2-y\right)\)
h) \(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
i) \(=x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)\)
a) \(\left(2x+3y\right)^2=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot3y+\left(3y\right)^2=4x^2+12xy+9y^2\)
b) \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\)
c) \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)\left(x^2-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2=x^4-\dfrac{4}{25}y^2\)
d) \(\left(2x+y^2\right)^3=\left(2x\right)^3+3\cdot\left(2x\right)^2\cdot y^2+3\cdot2x\cdot\left(y^2\right)^2+\left(y^2\right)^3=8x^3+12x^2y^2+6xy^4+y^6\)
e) \(\left(3x^2-2y\right)^2=\left(3x^2\right)^2-2\cdot3x^2\cdot2y+\left(2y\right)^2=9x^4-12x^2y+4y^2\)
f) \(\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)=x^3+4^3=x^3+64\)
g) \(\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(x^4+\dfrac{1}{3}x^2+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)=\left(x^2\right)^3-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=x^6-\dfrac{1}{27}\)
a.
$x^2-y^2-2x+2y=(x^2-y^2)-(2x-2y)=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)=(x-y)(x+y-2)$
b.
$x^2(x-1)+16(1-x)=x^2(x-1)-16(x-1)=(x-1)(x^2-16)=(x-1)(x-4)(x+4)$
c.
$x^2+4x-y^2+4=(x^2+4x+4)-y^2=(x+2)^2-y^2=(x+2-y)(x+2+y)$
d.
$x^3-3x^2-3x+1=(x^3+1)-(3x^2+3x)=(x+1)(x^2-x+1)-3x(x+1)$
$=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)$
e.
$x^4+4y^4=(x^2)^2+(2y^2)^2+2.x^2.2y^2-4x^2y^2$
$=(x^2+2y^2)^2-(2xy)^2=(x^2+2y^2-2xy)(x^2+2y^2+2xy)$
f.
$x^4-13x^2+36=(x^4-4x^2)-(9x^2-36)$
$=x^2(x^2-4)-9(x^2-4)=(x^2-9)(x^2-4)=(x-3)(x+3)(x-2)(x+2)$
g.
$(x^2+x)^2+4x^2+4x-12=(x^2+x)^2+4(x^2+x)-12$
$=(x^2+x)^2-2(x^2+x)+6(x^2+x)-12$
$=(x^2+x)(x^2+x-2)+6(x^2+x-2)=(x^2+x-2)(x^2+x+6)$
$=[x(x-1)+2(x-1)](x^2+x+6)=(x-1)(x+2)(x^2+x+6)$
h.
$x^6+2x^5+x^4-2x^3-2x^2+1$
$=(x^6+2x^5+x^4)-(2x^3+2x^2)+1$
$=(x^3+x^2)^2-2(x^3+x^2)+1=(x^3+x^2-1)^2$
a.
\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)
b.
\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
c.
\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d.
\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
e.
\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f.
\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)
\(a,A=3-4x-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+7\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+7\)
Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:
\(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+2\right)^2+7\le7\)
Vậy Max A = 7 khi \(x+2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(b,B=2x-x-3x^2=x-3x^2\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{36}\right)+\dfrac{1}{12}\)
\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{12}\)
Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:
\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{12}\le\dfrac{1}{12}\)
Vậy Max B = \(\dfrac{1}{12}\) khi \(x-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(c,C=2-x^2-y^2-2\left(x+y\right)=2-x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)\(=4-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+2y+1\right)\)
\(=4-\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(y+1\right)^2\)
Với mọi giá trị của x , ta có:
\(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0;\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow4-\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(y+1\right)^2\le4\)
Vậy Max C = 4 khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,D=-x^2+4x-9=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-5\) \(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-5\)
Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:
\(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2-5\le-5\)
Vậy Max D = -5 khi \(x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(e,E=-x^2+4x-y^2-12y+47\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2+12y+36\right)+87\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y+6\right)^2+87\)
Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:
\(-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0;-\left(y+6\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y+6\right)^2+87\le87\)
Vậy Max E = 87
Để E = 87 thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f,F=-x^2-x-y^2-3y+13\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\left(y^2+3y+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{31}{2}\)
\(=-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{2}\)
Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:
\(-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0;-\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{2}\le\dfrac{31}{2}\)
Vậy Max F = \(\dfrac{31}{2}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\y+\dfrac{3}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)