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I. Give advice with ought to or ought not to.
Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late)
-> Minh ought not to go to bed late
My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words)
-> Your parents ought to learn a few French words
It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier)
-> Helen ought to get up earlier
There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that)
-> They ought not to drive like that
Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons)
-> Nam ought not to play computer games . He ought to learn the lessons
The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast)
-> Catherine ought not to drive so fast
The street is too narrow. It’s always full of vehicles. (they/ widen this street)
-> They ought to widen this street
I’m bored. I need a change. (go away for a few days)
-> You ought to go away for a few days
II. Fill in each blank with a correct reflexive pronoun.
My sister often looks at herself in the mirror.
Mark made for himself a sandwich.
This refrigerator defrosts itself .
Hoa and I ourselves saw that accident yesterday.
Did you pay for yourself ?
The children can look after themselves for a few days.
Please help me. I can’t do it by myself .
Take care of myself ?
He was very surprised when he looked at himself in the mirror.
I don’t like going to the cinema with other people. I prefer going by myself.
The child had no bothers or sisters, so she often had to play by herself.
I’m afraid that the children are going to cut themselves on the broken glass.
We had a great time in London together. We really enjoyed ourselves .
“Can I take another biscuit?” – Of course. Help yourself ”.
Don’t worry about Linh and me. We can look after ourselves.
I gave them a key to our house so that they could let themselves in.
Phuong had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself .
Please try and understand how I feel. Put yourself in my position.
I taught myself to play the guitar. I have never had lessons.
An elephant hurt itself when it tried to get out of the zoo yesterday.
I don’t need any help. I can take care of myself.
Sarah and I didn’t enjoy ourselves at the disco last night.
This exercise isn’to very difficult. Do it yourself
My brother can repair the bicycle by himself.
III. Read the text and answer the following questions.
Peter had a letter form his sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she was coming to England next month. If she comes, she will get a surprise. Peter is now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before his sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In his letter, he said that, he wanted her to stay with his family. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a modern house. So it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.
Where does Peter’s sister live?
- She lives in Nigeria
What is she going to do next month?
- She is going to come to England next month
Where is Peter living now?
- He is living in a beautiful new house in the country
When was the house completed?
- It was completed five months ago
Has it got many large rooms and a lovely garden?
- Yes , it has
Did he invite his sister to stay with him?
- Yes , he did
Why does the house look strange to some people?
- Because it is the only modern house in the district
VI. Fill in each blank with a suitable word to complete the following passage.
If you see a fire, you should ring the school bell in (1) one minutes. When they ring (2) the bell, students should quickly leave the (3) classroom. The monitor should take the register with him on leaving the classroom. The students (4) should line up outside the classroom as soon as (5) everyone has left the room. Then the (6) class should walk quickly along the path to the main entrance. When they are at(7) the main entrance, the students should stand quietly in the playground. While they are (8) waiting there, one of the students should (9) look for the class teacher in the playground. On finding the class teacher (10), he should give him the class register.
Minh looks very tired. (go to bed late)
=>MINH OUGHT NOT TO GO TO BED LATE.
My parents are going to visit France. (learn a few French words)
=>MY PARENTS OUGHT TO LEARN A FEW FRENCH WORDS.
It’s eight o’clock. Helen is still sleeping. (get up earlier)
=>HELEN OUGHT TO GET UP EARLIER.
There is traffic jam and the people are rushing forward. (drive like that)
=>THE PEOPLE OUGHT NOT TO DRIVE LIKE THAT
Nam is going to have final exam tomorrow morning. He is playing computer games now. (play computer games – learn the lessons)
=>NAM OUGHT NOT TO PLAY COMPUTER GAMES.HE OUGHT TO LEARN THE LESSONS.
The speed limit is 30 mph, but Catherine is driving 50 mph. (drive so fast)
=>HE OUGHT NOT TO DRIVE SO FAST.
The street is too narrow. It’s always full of vehicles. (they/ widen this street)
=>THEY OUGHT TO WIDEN THIS STREET.
I’m bored. I need a change. (go away for a few days)
=>YOU OUGHT TO GO AWAY FOR A FEW DAYS.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer
The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.
The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.
One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.
41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.
A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate
C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying
42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.
A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food
B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves
C. so hardworking that they dance all the time
D. so smart that they know where the food is
43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.
A. animals with natural system of communication
B. animals able to communicate with humans
C. animals possible to use language as humans
D. animals with a system of communication worked out by humans
44) The results of the experiment with chimpanzees show the possibility to teach animals _____.
A. how to use language freely
B. how to give orders
C. how to obey orders
D. how to understand words and sentences
45) The phrase “concerned with” is closest in meaning to ________________.
A. interested in B. responsible for C. related to D. joined to
Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer
The first system of communication of animals is natural. Many kinds of animals have ways of communicating with each other. And one of the most interesting examples is that of bees. These insects communicate with each other by dancing. The most important kind of dance that they do is concerned with food. They get their food from flowers, of course, from plants and trees. When a bee has found some food, it returns to the other bees and can give them three basic kinds of information about the food: which direction it is in, whether it is nearby or a long way away, and whether it is good to eat or poisonous.
The other kind of system of communication of animals is artificial. It means animals learn it; in this case, they learn from man. Several famous experiments have been carried out with chimpanzees, trying to teach them human language.
One of these experiments was done with a chimpanzee called Sarah. Sarah was taught to understand a system of symbols which represented words. The symbols were cut out of coloured plastic, and each different shape stood for a different word. For example, a red square stood for “banana”, Sarah’s favorite fruit. Soon Sarah could not only understand words, but even sentences. She could obey orders: if her human friends put down the symbols for “apple in cup”, she would put the apple in the cup. Later, she began giving the scientists orders – she was writing her own sentences, and she got upset if the scientists did not obey her. We do not yet know whether chimpanzees will ever learn to use language to communicate as freely as human beings do, but the results so far suggest that this is at least a possibility.
41) According to the passage, bees ____________________________________.
A. learn to communicate B. are born to be able to communicate
C. are the most interesting animals D. communicate with each other by flying
42) From the passage, we can conclude that bees are _____________________.
A. so selfish as to let other bees share the bad food
B. so selfish as to look for food for themselves
C. so hardworking that they dance all the time
D. so smart that they know where the food is
43) The experiment done with Sarah is an example of ____________________.
A. animals with natural system of communication
B. animals able to communicate with humans
C. animals possible to use language as humans
D. animals with a system of communication worked out by humans
44) The results of the experiment with chimpanzees show the possibility to teach animals _____.
A. how to use language freely
B. how to give orders
C. how to obey orders
D. how to understand words and sentences
45) The phrase “concerned with” is closest in meaning to ________________.
A. interested in B. responsible for C. related to D. joined to
recycling/ nothing/ list/ vegetables/ something/ save/ trouble/ polluting/ taking. Our environment is in (1)trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are (2)polluting it. Most people think there is (3) nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help (4) save our environment. Here is a (5)list of things you can do.
-
- Help to cut pollution by (6)taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and (7) vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a (8) recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Our environment is in trouble. Modern ways of living and today’s industries are polluting it. Most people think there is nothing they can do. This is not true. Everyone can do something to help save our environment. Here is a list of things you can do.
- Help to cut pollution by taking the bus to work instead of your car.
- Buy fruit and vegetables that have not been treated with pesticides.
- Recycle all your cans, bottles and paper. There should be a recycling center somewhere near your home, so take them there.
Most of the world’s energy comes from the sun. The sun’s energy is in wood, oil, and other things that people use for energy.
VI. Read the text then answer true or false
People use many sources of energy. Ancient people used only their arms, hands, and simple tools until they discovered fire. Later, people learned to use the energy of the wind to sail ships. Then they learned to use animals to do work. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, people began to use machines. The first machines used steam. They burned coal to heat water. The hot water turned into steam, and the steam engine did the work. Later, people began to use the gasoline engine, and today people are using nuclear energy. Energy is one of the basic concepts, or ideas, of physics. It is the ability to do work. Without energy we could live. We need energy to work, and scientists are always looking for new sources of energy.
1. None of the world’s energy comes from the sun. F
2. Wind, steam, and gasoline are sources of energy. T
3. People have never used nuclear energy. F
4. Energy is the ability to do work. T
5. We need new sources of energy. T
1.she (hear)...heard......a noise and (get).....got......out of the bed when the door (open) ....was opening.....
2.the children (play) .....were playing.......football when their mother (come) .......came....back
3.who (be)....is........the man that you (talk) ...are talking..........to? I (see) .....saw....him at the gate when I (come)........came..in
4.we (wait)......were waiting.........for the bus when he (pass) .......passed........in his car and (offer)......offered....... us a lift
5.I (be)......was...........very tired because I (work) ......worked..........all day yesterday
6.when the students (hear)....heard....... the bell ,they (get)...got..........up and (leave)...left..........
7.he (forget).......forgot.......what I (tell) had told him. I (remind)......reminded.......him many times but he still (not bring)......didn't bring.......what i want
8.he (ask).....asked...me whether i ( see )..saw......his pen on the table. I (tell)...told....him that I (not see).didn't see..it around.
9.If I (wait)...had waited...only a little while longer , I would have met her
10. they (go)...went...home after they (finish)...had finished.....their homework
11. when we came to the stadium , the match ( already begin ) had already begun...their homework
12.they told me they ( not eat ).....hadn't eaten.....that kind of food before
13.after they had gone , I (sit).....sat........down and (rest)........rested.........
14.after taking a bath , he ( go)....went............to bed
15.what was he (be)............when he ( be)...was....young?
16.It was the first time I ( ever see ) .....have ever seen......such a beautiful girl
1.she (hear)....heard.....a noise and (get).....got......out of the bed when the door (open) ....opened.....
2.the children (play) ......were playing......football when their mother (come) ......came.....back
3.who (be)......was......that man that you (talk) .......were......to? I (see) .....saw....him at the gate when I (come).....came.....in
4.we (wait)......were waiting.......for the bus when he (pass) .......passed........in his car and (offer).......offered...... us a lift
5.I (be)........was.........very tired because I (work) ........had worked........all day yesterday
6.when the students (hear)......heard..... the bell ,they (get).......got......up and (leave).......left.......
7.he (forget).......has forgotten.......what I (tell) him. I (remind)......have reminded.......him many times but he still (not bring).......doesn't bring......what i want
8.he (ask).....asked....me whether i ( see )....had seen....his pen on the table. I (tell)....told...him that I (not see).hadn't seen..it around.
9.If I (wait)...had waited...only a little while longer , I would have met her
10. they (go)...went...home after they (finish)....had finished....their homework
11. when we came to the stadium , the match ( already begin ) ..had already begun.their homework
12.they told me they ( not eat ).....hadn't eaten.....that kind of food before
13.after they had gone , I (sit)......sat.......down and (rest).........rested.........
14.after taking a bath , he ( go).........went.......to bed
15.what was he (be)......like......when he ( be)....was...young?
16.It was the first time I ( ever see ) ......have ever seen.....such a beautiful girl
An intelligent mouse is white mouse in the story. He has a good question. You know that a good question has alway a good answer for problem.