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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

Which of the following does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? 

A. sea cucumber 

B. skeleton 

C. shape 

D. worm 

1
7 tháng 3 2017

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “it” ở đoạn 3 đề cập đến từ nào sau đây?

  A. hải sâm                

B. bộ xương                

C. hình dạng               

D. con sâu

Thông tin: For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact.

Tạm dịch: Ví dụ, họ đã nghiên cứu làm thế nào mà cấu trúc phân tử của xương gạc nai góp phần vào sự dẻo dai đáng kinh ngạc của nó, hay làm thế nào mà cấu trúc da của một con sâu góp phần vào khả năng bò của nó, hoặc làm thế nào mà hải sâm làm mềm bộ xương của mình và thay đổi hình dạng để mà nó có thể ép mình đi qua những khoảng trống nhỏ trong đá, hoặc cái gì đem đến cho gỗ khả năng chịu đựng va đập cao

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

Which of the following is true about Velcro? 

A. It was first used to remove dog hair from the owner’s coat

B. It exemplifies how a natural structure inspired a useful invention

C. The inventor of Velcro® was very famous before his invention

D. It has set a trend for tiny hooklike structures in synthetic fabric

1
7 tháng 5 2018

Chọn B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Câu nào sau đây nói đúng về Velcro®?

  A. Nó lúc đầu được dùng để dùng để loại bỏ lông chó khỏi áo khoác của chủ sở hữu.

  B. Nó minh họa một cấu trúc tự nhiên truyền cảm hứng cho một phát minh hữu dụng.

  C. Nhà phát minh của Velcro® đã rất nổi tiếng trước cả khi có phát minh của anh ta.

  D. Nó có một bộ các cấu trúc giống như các móc nhỏ trong vải tổng hợp

Thông tin: A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®.

Tạm dịch: Một ví dụ gần đây hơn về cảm hứng được tạo ra bởi thiên nhiên là phát minh của Velcro®.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42. Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

The passage is primarily concerned with ______. 

A. future research into the uses of Velcro

B. the effect of the Age of Materials on nature 

C. the development of products based on nature 

D. problems that preoccupy designers and engineers 

1
22 tháng 12 2018

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Bài đọc chủ yếu nói về .

  A. nghiên cứ tương lai về việc sử dụng Velcro®

  B. ảnh hưởng của thời đại vật liệu lên thiên nhiên

  C. sự phát triển của các sản phẩm dựa trên thiên nhiên

  D. những vấn đề khiến các nhà thiết kế và kĩ sư bận tâm

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

According to the passage, what do investigations in biomimetics suggest? 

A. Biomimetics is not promising

B. Biomimetics may lead to the development of new creatures

C. Biomimetics may lead to useful inventions

D. Biomimetics has provided the new material for smart structures

1
22 tháng 1 2017

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo như đoạn văn, những nghiên cứu trong mô phỏng sinh học đưa ra điều gì?

  A. Mô phỏng sinh học thì không mấy hứa hẹn.

  B. Mô phỏng sinh học có thể dẫn đến sự phát triển những sinh vật mới

  C. Mô phỏng sinh học có thể dẫn đến những phát minh hữu dụng.

  D. Mô phỏng sinh học đã cung cấp vật liệu mới cho các cấu trúc thông minh.

Thông tin: The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials".

Tạm dịch: Ảnh hưởng tiềm năng của nghiên cứu mô phỏng sinh học thì lớn đến nỗi thế kỷ hai mươi mốt có thể được biết đến như là “Thời đại vật liệu”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

The word “emulate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. 

A. stimulate 

B. captivate 

C. imitate 

D. activate 

1
28 tháng 11 2019

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “emulate” trong đoạn 1 gần nghĩa với .

  A. stimulate (v): kích thích, khuyến khích

B. captivate (v): quyến rũ

  C. imitate (v): bắt chước                                                              

D. activate (v): kích hoạt

Thông tin: Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds.

Tạm dịch: Những cỗ máy có khả năng bay thời kỳ đầu rõ ràng là một nỗ lực để mô phỏng sự tự do của loài chim

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

According to the passage, which of the following would NOT be a useful biomimetic product? 

A. Tomatoes mimicking the structures that give sea cucumbers the ability to squeeze through cracks 

B. Bulletproof jackets mimicking the structures that give wood its resistance to impact 

C. Glass in windshields mimicking the structures that give antler bone its toughness

D. Cables mimicking the structures that give spiderwebs their flexibility and tensile strength 

1
13 tháng 2 2019

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn văn thì câu nào sau đây không là một sản phẩm mô phỏng sinh học hữu dụng?

  A. Cà chua bắt chước cấu trúc cái mà đem đến cho hải sâm khả năng ép mình qua những khe hở.

  B. Áo chống đạn bắt chước cấu trúc cái mà đem đến cho gỗ khả năng chịu đựng va đập.

  C. Kính ở tấm chắn gió bắt chước cấu trúc cái mà đem đến cho xương gạc nai sự dẻo dai.

          D. Dây cáp bắt chước cấu trúc cái mà đem đến cho mạng nhện độ bền và tính linh hoạt dẻo dai. 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

As inferred from the passage, what would be the advantage of a product that mimics photosynthesis? 

A. It could be used to create green plants

B. It could help to meet future energy needs

C. It could be an aid in repairing green areas

D. It could form the basis of twenty-first century materials

1
26 tháng 2 2018

Chọn B

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Như đã đề cập từ đoạn văn, cái gì là lợi ích của sản phẩm mô phỏng sự quang hợp?

  A. Nó có thể được sử dụng để tạo ra cây xanh.

  B. Nó có thể giúp đáp ứng được nhu cầu năng lượng trong tương lai.

  C. Nó có thể là một sự hỗ trợ trong việc tu sửa các không gian xanh.

  D. Nó có thể tạo nên nền móng cơ bản của các loại vật liệu thế kỷ hai mươi mốt.

Thông tin: Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources.

Tạm dịch: Các vật liệu mới khác đã được tưởng tượng là các chất liệu sao chép sự quang hợp trong cây xanh để tạo ra những nguồn năng lượng mới.

Dịch bài đọc:

Thiên nhiên luôn cung cấp kích thích cho trí óc sáng tạo của con người. Những cỗ máy có khả năng bay thời kỳ đầu rõ ràng là một nỗ lực để mô phỏng sự tự do của loài chim. Các kiến trúc sư và kỹ sư thường chủ tâm tạo ra các tòa nhà có hình mẫu từ các hình thái được tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Một ví dụ gần đây hơn về cảm hứng được tạo ra bởi thiên nhiên là phát minh của Velcro®. Nhà phát minh của thiết bị cài chặt phổ biến này đã nhận thấy rằng các gờ nhỏ gắn vào cái áo cho con chó của anh ta đã mắc vào lông nó bằng những cái móc rất nhỏ. Điều này dẫn dắt anh ta phát minh ra một loại vải tổng hợp mà bề mặt của nó bắt chước những đặc tính bám, móc của vỏ quả đậu ngoài tự nhiên.

Động vật và thực vật đã phát triển các giải pháp đối với nhiều loại vấn đề mà thường hấp dẫn các kĩ sư và các nhà thiết kế. Nhiều nghiên cứu hiện tại trong khoa học vật liệu thì đang tích cực nghiên cứu thế giới tự nhiên, đặc biệt là ở cấp độ phân tử, để lấy cảm hứng phát triển những vật liệu có tính chất mới lạ. Cái lĩnh vực nghiên cứu tương đối mới này thì thỉnh thoảng được biết đến như là mô phỏng sinh học, bởi vì nó cố gắng mô phỏng tự nhiên có ý thức.

Các nhà nghiên cứu đã nghiên cứu một vài mảng thú vị. Ví dụ, họ đã nghiên cứu làm thế nào mà cấu trúc phân tử của xương gạc nai góp phần vào sự dẻo dai đáng kinh ngạc của nó, hay làm thế nào mà cấu trúc da của một con sâu góp phần vào khả năng bò của nó, hoặc làm thế nào mà hải sâm làm mềm bộ xương của mình và thay đổi hình dạng để mà nó có thể ép mình đi qua những khoảng trống nhỏ trong đá, hoặc cái gì đem đến cho gỗ khả năng chịu đựng va đập cao. Những nghiên cứu này đã dẫn đến những bước đột phá trong sự phát triển của các vật liệu kết hợp với những tính chất vượt trội.

Những phỏng đoán về các phát minh trong tương lai cái mà có thể được phát triển từ những bước nghiên cứu này bao gồm cái gọi là các cấu trúc thông minh – cấu trúc tự thiết kế và sửa chữa theo cách giống như các quá trình trong thế giới tự nhiên. Ví dụ, các kỹ sư đã dự tính những cây cầu mà sẽ phát hiện ra các khu vực bị áp lực nặng do sự di chuyển của phương tiện hoặc gió. Cấu trúc của cầu sẽ ngay lập tức thêm hoặc di chuyển chất liệu đến những khu vực yếu cho đến khi áp lực giảm xuống. Cùng nguyên lý như vậy có thể được sử dụng để sửa chữa các tòa nhà bị hư hại. Các vật liệu mới khác đã được tưởng tượng là các chất liệu sao chép sự quang hợp trong cây xanh để tạo ra những nguồn năng lượng mới. Ảnh hưởng tiềm năng của nghiên cứu mô phỏng sinh học thì lớn đến nỗi thế kỷ hai mươi mốt có thể được biết đến như là “Thời đại vật liệu”.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

The word “novel” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. 

A. unique 

B. familiar 

C. fictitious 

D. legendary 

1
28 tháng 6 2018

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “novel” trong đoạn 2 gần nghĩa với?

  A. unique (adj): độc đáo                                                              

B. familiar (adj): quen thuộc

  C. fictitious (adj): hư cấu, giả tưởng          

D. legendary (adj): mang tính huyền thoại, thần kì

Thông tin: Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties.

Tạm dịch: Nhiều nghiên cứu hiện tại trong khoa học vật liệu thì đang tích cực nghiên cứu thế giới tự nhiên, đặc biệt là ở cấp độ phân tử, để lấy cảm hứng phát triển những vật liệu có tính chất mới lạ

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. This not only provided a more abundant food source but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. This not only provided a more abundant food source but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today.

As centuries passed and human cultures evolved and blossomed, humans began to organise their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history. One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine. The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect. For example, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembles an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ. Thus, an extract made from a heartshaped leaf might be prescribed for a person suffering from heart problems.

Nevertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses.

An herbalist is which of the following?

A. A dreamer

B. An early historian

C. Someone who uses plants in medicine

D. A farmer

1
4 tháng 12 2018

Chọn C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. This not only provided a more abundant food source but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and animals for his own use. This not only provided a more abundant food source but also allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground. We tend to forget that all of our present-day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today.

As centuries passed and human cultures evolved and blossomed, humans began to organise their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history. One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine. The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect. For example, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembles an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ. Thus, an extract made from a heartshaped leaf might be prescribed for a person suffering from heart problems.

Nevertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses.

An herbalist is which of the following?

A. A dreamer

B. An early historian

C. Someone who uses plants in medicine

D. A farmer

1
27 tháng 1 2018

C

Nhà thảo dược trong đoạn văn là_______

A. một người mơ mộng
B. một sử gia
C. một người sử dụng các thực vật trong y học
D. một người nông dân.

Dẫn chứng: One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and medicine. The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect. 

Tạm dịch Một khía cạnh của lịch sử tự nhiên ban đầu liên quan đến việc sử dụng thực vật cho thuốc và thuốc. Các nhà thảo dược ban đầu đôi khi làm việc quá sức tưởng tượng của họ về mặt này.

Đáp án: C

Dịch bài

Từ lâu, người tiền sử đã bắt đầu thuần hóa một số loài thực vật và động vật hoang dã để sử dụng cho riêng mình. Điều này không chỉ cung cấp nhiều thực phẩm phong phú hơn mà còn cho phép nhiều người hơn sống trên một mảnh đất nhỏ hơn. Chúng ta có xu hướng quên rằng tất cả các vật nuôi, vật nuôi và thực phẩm ngày nay của chúng ta đã được lấy từ tự nhiên và phát triển thành các hình thức mà chúng ta biết ngày nay.

Khi nhiều thế kỷ trôi qua và nền văn hóa của loài người phát triển và nở rộ, con người bắt đầu tổ chức kiến ​​thức về tự nhiên của họ vào lĩnh vực rộng lớn của lịch sử tự nhiên. Một khía cạnh của lịch sử tự nhiên ban đầu liên quan đến việc sử dụng thực vật cho thuốc và thuốc. Các nhà thảo dược ban đầu đôi khi làm việc quá sức tưởng tượng của họ về mặt này. Ví dụ, người ta tin rằng một loại cây hoặc một phần của cây giống với một cơ quan nội tạng sẽ chữa khỏi bệnh của cơ quan đó, do đó, một chiết xuất từ ​​lá hình trái tim có thể được quy định cho một người bị bệnh tim.

Tuy nhiên, những đóng góp chung của những nhà quan sát ban đầu này đã cung cấp những kiến ​​thức sơ bộ về kiến ​​thức hiện tại của chúng ta về thuốc và cách sử dụng chúng.