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(Đề bài thiếu dữ kiện để tính khối lượng dung dịch)
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
$n_{CuSO_4} = n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{CuSO_4} = 0,1.160 = 16(gam)$
Sau phản ứng :
$m_{dd} = m_{CuO} + m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = 8 + m_{dd\ H_2SO_4}(gam)$
Suy ra :
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{16}{8 + m_{dd\ H_2SO_4}}.100\%$
`n_[Al]=[2,7]/27=0,1(mol)`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,3` `0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`a)V_[H_2]=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`b)V_[dd HCl]=[0,3]/2=0,15(l)`
`=>C_[M_[AlCl_3]]=[0,1]/[0,15]~~0,67(M)`
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\\ C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\
V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\\
m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,25-0,2\right).98=4,9g\)
\(a)n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b)n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=3.0,4=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{43,8}{10,95\%}\cdot100\%=400\left(g\right)\\ c)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4mol\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=10,8+400-1,2=409,6\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{53,4}{409,6}\cdot100\%\approx13\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{4.5}{27}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{6}.....0.5.......\dfrac{1}{6}.......0.25\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.5\cdot36.5=18.25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\cdot133.5=22.25\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.25\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)
\(a) CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ b) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{4,8}{80} = 0,06(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,1(mol)\\ \dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}= 0,06 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,05 \to CuO\ dư\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,05(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.80 + 100 = 104(gam)\\ C\%_{CuCl_2} = \dfrac{0,05.135}{104}.100\% = 6,49\%\)
`a) PTPƯ: CuO + H_2 SO_4 -> CuSO_4 + H_2 O`
`b) n_[CuO] = [ 1,6 ] / 80 = 0,02 (mol)`
`n_[H_2 SO_4] = [ 20 / 100 . 100 ] / 98 = 10 / 49 (mol)`
Ta có: `[ 0,02 ] / 1 < [ 10 / 49 ] / 1`
`-> CuO` hết ; `H_2 SO_4` dư
Theo `PTPƯ` có : `n_[H_2 SO_4\text{ p/ư}] = n_[CuO] = n_[CuSO_4] = 0,02 (mol)`
`@ C%_[H_2 SO_4\text{ dư}] = [ 10 / 49 - 0,02 ] / [ 1,6 + 100 ] . 100 ~~ 0,2 %`
`@ C%_[CuSO_4] = [ 0,02 ] / [ 1,6 + 100 ] . 100 ~~ 0,02 %`
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{24,5.160}{100}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,4 0,1
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\)
⇒ CuO phản ứng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của CuO
\(n_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CuSO4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=8+160=168\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{CuSO4}=\dfrac{16.100}{168}=9,52\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4.100}{168}=17,5\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=24,5\%.160=39,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160.100\%}{168}=9,5\%\)
\(\%m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,4-0,1\right).98.100\%}{168}=17,5\%\)