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a)
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
b)
Ta thấy :
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{2,6}{65} = 0,04 < n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.2,45\%}{98}= 0,05$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,04(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,04.22,4 = 0,896(lít)$
c)
Dung dịch X chứa :
$n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{Zn} = 0,04(mol) \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4} = 0,04.161 = 6,44(gam)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,05 - 0,04 = 0,01(mol) \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,01.98 = 0,98(gam)$
d)
Cách 1 :
$m_{dd} = 2,6 + 200 - 0,04.2 = 202,52(gam)$
Cách 2 :
Trong dd $H_2SO_4$ : $m_{H_2O} = 200 - 0,05.98 = 195,1(gam)$
Suy ra:
$m_{dd} = m_{chất\ tan} + m_{H_2O} = 6,44 + 0,98 + 195,1 = 202,52(gam)$
e)
$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,98}{202,52}.100\% = 0,48\%$
$C\%_{ZnSO_4} = \dfrac{6,44}{202,52}.100\% = 3,18\%$
Ta biết, khối lượng muoi tang do tang axit (khoi luong kim loai ko tang) => khoi muoi tang la khoi luong tang từ HCl, trong đó Cl2 thêm vào muoi, H2 thoát ra
a, Áp dụng bảo toàn nguyên tố và bao toan khoi luong ta co: m(Cl) = m(Muoi) - m(Kim loai)= 4,86 - 2,02= 2,84
=====> n(H2) = 1/2n(HCl) = 1/2n(Cl) = 1/2 * 2,84/35,5= 0,04 (m0l)
====> V(H2) = 0,04 * 22,4 = 0,896 (L)
b,=====> m(Cl2) = m(muối tăng) = 5,57 - 4,86 = 0,71 (g)
===> n(HCl chênh lệch) = 2n(Cl2) = 2*0,71/71= 0,02
V(axit chênh lệch) = 0,4 - 0,2 = 0,2 (l)
=====> [HCl]= 0,02/ 0,2 =0,10
Theo bài ra, ta có: \(m_{Ag}=5,6\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot27=1,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{1,8}{1,8+5,6}\cdot100\%\approx24,32\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=75,68\%\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 19,5 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 218,9 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{218,9}.100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{218,9}.100\%\approx18,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ b)m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g\\ c)n_{HCl.pư}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=18,64\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=3,33\%\)
$a)PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2$
$\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{12}.100\%=46,67\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-46,67=53,33\%$
$b)n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7(g)$
$c)n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M$
a. \(m_{Al.pứ}=15-9,6=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4.100\%}{15}=36\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6.100\%}{15}=64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
d. \(\%m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5.100\%}{15+200-9,6}=13\%\)
PTHH: \(K+H_2O\rightarrow KOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_K=\dfrac{7,8}{39}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{KOH}\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot56}{7,8+200-0,1\cdot2}\cdot100\%\approx5,39\%\)