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PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{ZnCl_2}\\n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0.3\cdot65}{35,5}\cdot100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Cu}=45,07\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{500}\cdot100\%=4,38\%\\m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\cdot136=40,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=35,5-0,3\cdot65=16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=518,9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{518,9}\cdot100\%\approx7,86\%\)
m dd sau pư = mFe + m dd HCl - mH2 thôi em nhé, Cu không phản ứng nên không cộng thêm vào.
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Theo Pt : \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10}.100\%=56\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-56\%=44\%\)
b) Theo Pt : \(n_{H2}=2n_{HCl}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%}.100\%=100\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddspu}=10+100-0,1.2=109,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{109,8}.100\%=11,57\%\)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(m_{HCl}=730.10\%=73\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
→ nHCl > 2nH2 ⇒ HCl dư.
Ta có: 27nAl + 65nZn = 23,8 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{23,8}.100\%\approx45,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx54,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=2-1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 23,8 + 730 - 0,8.2 = 752,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx7,1\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{752,2}.100\%\approx3,62\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{752,2}.100\%\approx1,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
mhh Zn và Fe = 21,6-3 = 18,6 (g)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,6}=60,19\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{21,6}=25,93\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100-60,19-25,93=13,88\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).98=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4.100\%}{25\%}=117,6\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pư = 21,6+117,6- (0,1+0,2).2 = 138,6 (g)
\(C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161.100\%}{138,6}=23,23\%\)
\(C\%_{ddFeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.152.100\%}{138,6}=10,97\%\)
Chỉ có Zn phản ứng thôi. Cu không phản ứng, không tan.---->Chất rắn không tan là Cu
Zn+ H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4+ H2↑
0.1 0.1
nH2= 2.24: 22.4=0.1 mol
mZn= 0.1x65=6.5 g
mCu=10.5-6,5=4 g
%Zn=6.5:10.5x100%=61.9%
%Cu=4:10.5x100%=38.1%
a) \(Zn + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow ZnSO_4 + H_2\)
Cu không pư H2SO4 loãng
b)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}= 0,1 mol\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{Zn}= n_{H_2}= 0,1 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}= 0,1 . 65= 6,5 g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}= m_{hh KL} - m_{Zn}= 10 - 6,5 = 3,5 g\)
Gọi \(n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\)\(;n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,1
\(m_{Zn}=0,1\cdot65=6,5g\)
\(m_{Cu}=10-6,4=3,6g\)
a, \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}=n_{H2SO4}=n_{ZnSO4}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=26-13=13\left(g\right)\)
b,\(m=\frac{0,2.98.100}{25}=78,4\left(g\right)\)
c,
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=13+78,4-0,2.2=91\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Ba}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 0,3 mol Ba(OH)2; 0,3 mol H2
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+ZnSO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+Zn\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Dư 0,1 mol Ba(OH)2. Tạo 0,2 mol BaSO4; 0,2 mol Zn(OH)2
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+Zn\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaZnO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 0,1 mol BaZnO2, dư 0,1 mol Zn(OH)2
Sau các phản ứng tạo 0,1 mol chất tan BaZnO2 và các chất rắn: BaSO4 (0,2 mol), Zn(OH)2 (0,1 mol)
\(m_{dd_{spu}}=m_{Ba}+91-m_{BaSO4}-m_{Zn\left(OH\right)2}-m_{H2}=75,3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{BaZnO2}=\frac{0,1.234.100}{75,3}=31,08\%\)
Cảm ơn anh chị nhiều