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a) \(pH=-log\left(0,001\right)=3\)
b) Ta có: \(\left[H^+\right]=0,0001\cdot2=2\cdot10^{-4}\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left(2\cdot10^{-4}\right)\approx3,7\)
c) \(pH=14+log\left(0,01\right)=12\)
d) Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=2\cdot10^{-4}\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow pH=14+log\left(2\cdot10^{-4}\right)\approx10,3\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,02.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ a.n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,04}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,08}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ b.\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2}{0,02+0,08}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,02+0,08}=0,2\left(M\right)\)
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)
\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)
Ok, để thử coi chứ tui ngu hóa thấy mồ :(
a/ \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH\rightarrow Na^++OH^-\)
\(n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MNa^+}=\frac{0,02}{0,4+0,1}=0,04\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,4=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2=Ba^{2+}+2OH^-\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,24\left(mol\right);n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MBa^{2+}}=\frac{0,12}{0,5}=0,24\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,02+0,24=0,26\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MOH^-}=\frac{0,26}{0,5}=0,52\left(mol/l\right)\)
b/ \(n_{HCl}=0,2V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=0,2V\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MCl^-}=\frac{0,2V}{2V}=0,1\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3V\left(mol\right)=\frac{n_{H^+}}{2}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MSO_4^{2-}}=\frac{0,3V}{2V}=0,15\left(mol/l\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,2V+0,6V=0,8V\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MH^+}=\frac{0,8V}{2V}=0,4\left(mol/l\right)\)
Bác nào hảo tâm giúp em mấy câu còn lại chớ đến đây thì em chịu chết òi :(
Bài 1.
\(n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.10^{-2}.0,1=0,002\) mol
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,01.0,1=0,001\) mol
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,001<-0,001
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}\text{còn}=0,002-0,001=0,001\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,001}{0,2}=0,005\) mol/lít
\(\Rightarrow pH=-lg\left[H^+\right]=-lg\left(\dfrac{0,001}{0,2}\right)=2,3\)
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,0005<--0,001------> 0,001
\(Na_2SO_4\rightarrow2Na^++SO_4^{2-}\)
0,001 ------>0,002-->0,001
\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H^++SO_4^{2-}\)
0,0005--->0,001-->0,0005
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,002}{0,2}=0,01\) mol/lít; \(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,001+0,0005}{0,2}=0,0075\) mol/lít
\(\left[H^+\right]=0,005\) mol/lít
Bài 2.
200 ml dung dịch H2SO4 có pH = 1 nên \(\left[H^+\right]=0,1\)M
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,1.0,2=0,04\) mol
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,88}{40}=0,022\) mol
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,022<-0,022
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}\text{còn}=0,04-0,022=0,018\) mol
\(\Rightarrow pH=-lg\left[H^+\right]=-lg\left(\dfrac{0,018}{0,2}\right)=1,046\)
pH=2,3
[H+]=0,005
[SO4 2-]=0,005M
[Na+]=0,005M